A Journey Through Georgia’s Capital Cities: From Savannah to Atlanta

Georgia, a state rich in history, has had multiple capital cities over the years. From Savannah, the initial capital, to Milledgeville during the Civil War, and finally to Atlanta, the current and most enduring capital, each city carries its unique story and significance.

Historical Capitals of Georgia

Georgia's journey as a state began with Savannah as its capital. In 1733, the state's first capital was established in Savannah, marking the beginning of a new era in the southeastern United States. However, the capital's location shifted over the years due to various political, social, and economic factors.

Savannah

Savannah served as the initial capital from 1733 to 1804. It was laid out by General James Oglethorpe and quickly became the state’s first major city. It was a center for trade and commerce in the region. However, the capital was not without its challenges. The city's growth and prosperity may have been hindered by the lack of infrastructure and other considerations as the state grew.

Milledgeville (1804-1868)

Milledgeville then became the capital city and served in this capacity from 1804 to 1868. The move to Milledgeville was largely due to its central location within the state. The city was named after Andrew Ellicott, one of the surveyors of the state's boundary. However, during the Reconstruction era, Milledgeville faced significant challenges. There were no hotels that allowed black legislators to enter, and few restaurants were open to them. This made the city less appealing for the political elite and officials who sought a more inclusive environment.

Atlanta (1868-Present)

The rapid industrialization and growth of Atlanta made it the logical choice to become the permanent capital. In 1868, the capital was officially moved to Atlanta, and the city has remained the capital ever since. Atlanta, once known as "Marthasville," was a small town in the early 19th century. However, with the arrival of the railroads and the Federal occupation headquarters, the city rapidly grew. It offered a variety of amenities that Milledgeville lacked, making it a more suitable location for the state capital.

Additional Insights

Georgia's capital has moved for reasons beyond just its central location. For instance, Macon once had a strong claim to being the state capital, and it is likely that its central location made it a candidate. However, Atlanta’s diverse offerings and its ability to attract and retain political and economic influence cemented its position as the state capital.

Atlanta's transition to the capital is well-documented in popular culture. The city is featured in the Julia Roberts and Richard Gere movie Pretty Woman, as well as in various other films and books. The city is often celebrated for its weather, tree canopy, and attractions like Stone Mountain Park. The addition of the viaduct over downtown Atlanta highlights the city's early infrastructure challenges, which the state tackled as it grew.

Conclusion

From Savannah’s emergence as the first capital to Milledgeville's enduring legacy and Atlanta’s rise to prominence, the capital cities of Georgia have played a crucial role in shaping the state’s history. Each city's story reflects the evolving needs and trends of the state, from early trade and commerce to military installations and industrial growth.

Today, Atlanta continues to be the state capital, attracting millions of visitors annually and serving as a hub for business, culture, and innovation. Its rich history is a testament to Georgia's resilience and progress over the years.