Bulgaria's Journey to Schengen: The Obstacles and Opportunities
Bulgaria joined the European Union (EU) on January 1, 2007, marking a significant milestone in its political and economic development. However, the country is currently facing a new challenge in its quest to join the Schengen Area. This article explores the reasons behind the delay, its potential implications, and the ongoing efforts to overcome these obstacles.
The Current Standstill in Bulgaria's Schengen Bid
As of December 2022, Bulgaria's application to join the Schengen Area was blocked by the Netherlands and Austria. These two countries, along with Austria, have emphasized that Bulgaria is not yet ready to meet the necessary criteria. The primary concerns revolve around border surveillance and human rights compliance.
Austria and the Netherlands argue that Bulgaria needs to enhance its border security measures to prevent unauthorized crossings. They believe that until these issues are resolved, Bulgaria should not gain full Schengen membership. Additionally, concerns about Bulgaria's respect for human rights have been raised, particularly in the context of transparency and anti-corruption measures.
Public Perception and Government Response
Public opinion in Bulgaria is overwhelmingly in favor of joining the Schengen Area. However, most Bulgarians are only familiar with the practical benefits of crossing internal borders. Few understand the broader implications of Schengen membership, which include enhanced legal protections and a common legal space based on trust among partners.
The rejection of Bulgaria's application has been perceived as a national failure, reflecting a sense of demotion by the EU. This sentiment has led to increased skepticism towards Bulgaria's EU membership, particularly among the younger generation, who view EU membership as a banal fact that requires no significant effort.
Evolution of Public Perception
The younger generation in Bulgaria, born after 2000, does not see EU membership as a radical political and social transformation after communism but as a given fact. In contrast, the older generation, who lived through the transition from communism, viewed EU membership as a fundamental choice for the future, a goal in itself.
This generational divide means that younger Bulgarians react against a Europe that they perceive as not respecting their country. The rejection of Bulgaria's application to the Schengen Area has intensified this sentiment, leading to a growing sense of disenfranchisement within Bulgarian society.
Future Prospects and Diplomatic Efforts
The European Commission, which closely monitors these issues, believes that Bulgaria is on the right path. In fact, the majority of EU countries concur with this view. There is now a new deadline for Bulgaria's application in October 2023, which may bring about positive changes.
The Dutch Prime Minister, Mark Rutte, and Bulgarian President, Rumen Radev, have engaged in talks that could lead to a resolution. These discussions aim to address the concerns of the Netherlands and Austria and facilitate Bulgaria's entry into the Schengen Area. The discussions will focus on practical measures to enhance border surveillance and strengthen human rights protections.
Conclusion
Bulgaria's journey to the Schengen Area is far from over, but it is not without hope. The recent talks between Bulgaria, the Netherlands, and Austria offer a glimmer of opportunity. Success in these talks could pave the way for Bulgaria to become a full member of the Schengen Area, thereby greatly improving the lives of its citizens and further integrating the country into the broader European community.
As Bulgaria continues to address the obstacles and engages in diplomatic efforts, the country and its people will have the opportunity to see their aspirations for European unity and modernization realized.