Data Consistency in Writing: 'Data was reported' vs. 'Data were reported'
When it comes to using the term 'data' in writing, a common question that often arises is whether it is correct to use 'data was reported' or 'data were reported'. The correct usage can vary depending on the context and the speaker's perspective. Let's explore these nuances and the prevailing standards in scientific and academic writing.
The Context of Data Usage
It is generally acknowledged that 'data' can be used both as a singular or a plural noun, depending on the context. Historically and traditionally, 'data' was regarded as a plural for the singular 'datum'. However, due to the integration of 'data' into everyday language and the fact that it primarily functions as a mass noun in many modern contexts, it is now more common to treat it as a singular noun.
Scientific and Academic Standards
In scientific and academic writing, it is more commonly seen that 'data' is used as a singular noun. For instance, one might write 'the data supports the hypothesis' rather than 'the data support the hypothesis'. This usage aligns with the growing acceptance of 'data' as a mass noun, similar to how 'information' is often treated as singular.
Consistency in Usage
The choice between 'data was reported' and 'data were reported' is often streamlined by maintaining consistency in how 'data' is treated in a particular document or within a field. If the writer chooses to use 'data' as a singular, then it would be consistent to say 'data was reported'. Conversely, if 'data' is treated as a plural, then 'data were reported' would be correct.
Personal and Style Preferences
Choice of personal and stylistic preferences also plays a role. For example, one might feel that 'data were reported' sounds more natural in certain contexts. However, given the shift in common usage and the influence of scientific and academic standards, it is advisable to maintain consistency and to stick to the prevailing norms in your field. In formal writing, it is crucial to follow the style guide recommended by your institution or publication.
Conclusion
Ultimately, the correct usage of 'data was reported' or 'data were reported' depends on the context and the speaker's perspective. While scientific and academic standards increasingly favor 'data was reported', personal choice and stylistic preferences should also be considered. Ensuring consistency within your document and across relevant fields will help enhance clarity and avoid confusion for your readers.
Resources
For further reading, consider consulting reputable resources such as Wikipedia or your preferred style guide. If you need more specific guidance, academic journals or style manuals in your field are excellent references.