Understanding the Italian Legacy in Libya and Eritrea

The history of Italian colonial rule in regions such as Libya and Eritrea is a complex tapestry of colonialism, oppression, and cultural exchange. This legacy has left an indelible mark on these nations, with varying perspectives on the influence of Italy. While memories of Italian colonialism are fading, it is still a topic of discussion and reflection.

Colonial Experiences in Libya

Libya, a former Italian colony, experienced approximately 27 years of Italian rule (1911-1943). Many families, including my own, were part of the colonial discourse, with relatives immigrating to Libya under Mussolini's plan to colonize the region. Despite the colonial experience, the memories are often tinged with nostalgia for the elegance and material comforts of the time.

My father, who spent time in Libya, was a member of the Fascist Party, and his recollections reflect a more positive perspective. He described periods of elegant living and the presence of household servants, illustrating a period of relative privilege under Italian rule. However, this narrative is complemented by accounts of forced labor, cultural oppression, and the suppression of local language and traditions.

The Evolving Perception of Italian Colonialism

As the years have passed, the opinions about Italy's colonial presence in Libya have become more complex and nuanced. The official narratives in Libya often emphasize the negative aspects, highlighting the oppressive policies, economic exploitation, and violation of human rights that characterized the Italian administration. The government of Libya actively promotes a critical view of Italy's colonial past to highlight its struggles for independence and to foster a sense of national identity.

However, this perspective is not universally shared. There are individuals and communities in Libya who hold a more mixed view, appreciating the technological advancements, infrastructure, and educational reforms introduced by the Italians. These advancements, though crude and implemented for colonial benefit, still reflect the influence of Italian technical and administrative capabilities.

Reflections in Eritrea

Eritrea's history of Italian colonialism is also characterized by a mix of positive and negative influences. The Italian occupation began in 1890 and lasted until 1941. The Italian colonial administration focused on improving infrastructure, agriculture, and public health, which had a lasting impact on the region.

Like in Libya, the memories of the Italian colonial period in Eritrea are complex. My relatives who were there under Italian rule recall the investment in education and healthcare, which laid a foundation for future development. However, the colonial era was also marked by forced labor, exploitation, and harsh governance. These conflicting narratives are still very much part of the current discourse in Eritrea, influencing how the country views its past and its relationship with Italy today.

Conclusion: A Distant Past, A Persistent Legacy

The legacies of Italy's colonial endeavors in Libya and Eritrea continue to shape the contemporary identities and national narratives of these nations. The official discourse and school curricula in Libya often highlight the negative aspects, advocating for a critical stance towards colonialism. In contrast, some individuals in both countries draw on the positive aspects of colonial influence, acknowledging the technological and administrative advancements that still have an impact today.

As these nations navigate their futures, the history of Italian colonialism remains a significant part of their shared past, one that continues to be reinterpreted and reimagined.