Epic Characteristic of Ramayana and Mahabharata: A Legal and Literary Perspective

Many scholars and historians have analyzed the Ramayana and Mahabharata from various angles, such as historical, spiritual, and religious. However, a unique perspective emerges when we consider these texts from a legal and literary standpoint. This article explores the epic characteristics of these ancient Indian epics and their classification in relation to myths and legends, as well as the legal standing of characters within these texts.

Legal Perspective: Ramayana and Mahabharata as Legal Entities

In recent times, the Supreme Court of India has made a groundbreaking declaration in the Ram Janmabhoomi Bajrang Dal vs Maurice Rangers case. The court recognized Ram Lalla, the embodiment of Lord Rama, as a legal entity, granting him the status of a non-human legal entity with the same rights and duties as human beings.

This historical judgment not only reasserts the profound cultural significance of Lord Rama but also legally establishes Ramayana as a legally recognized text. The court's ruling signifies that the characters in these epics, such as Lord Rama, are not merely mythical figures but have a legal standing worthy of respect and protection. Thus, any form of disrespect or contempt towards Ram Lalla is not just a personal offense but a legal one.

Literary Perspective: Itihasa and Epic Characteristics

While many consider the Ramayana and Mahabharata as purely historical narratives, it is important to understand their true nature. The texts are referred to as itihasa, meaning "what happened" or "thus truly." This is a collection of knowledge about the past, not just personal stories or accounts of specific events. It encompasses a broader sense of civilizational wisdom and knowledge.

The classification of the Ramayana and Mahabharata as epics or myths can sometimes be a point of confusion. Unlike myths that may include elements of supernatural abilities or non-existing technologies, the epics are a poetic discourse on maryada (duty) and dharma (righteousness) set within a historical context. They are not written for the sake of historical accuracy but to convey timeless values and moral lessons that can be applied to daily life.

Elements such as supernatural beings like rakshasas and cyclops in the epics, and characters like Rama, Ravana, and Achilles, are not merely historical figures but representations of deeper philosophical and moral lessons. These epic characters serve as archetypes that symbolize various human traits and dilemmas, making them relevant across generations.

Conclusion

The Ramayana and Mahabharata, while often considered history, have epic characteristics that go beyond mere historical accounts. The legal recognition of characters within these texts underscores their importance and relevance. Whether seen through a legal, spiritual, or literary lens, these epics continue to be a vital part of our cultural heritage, offering timeless wisdom and moral guidance.

Keywords

Ramayana, Mahabharata, Epic Characteristic, Legal Entity, Literary Analysis