Freeways: The History and Etymology Behind these Essential Roadways
freeways are an integral part of modern road systems, facilitating the efficient movement of people and goods from one point to another. But have you ever wondered why they are called freeways? The term has a rich history and a specific meaning within the broader context of highway systems. In this article, we will explore the origins of the term 'freeway,' its usage, and the nuances that differentiate freeways from other types of roads.
Origins of the Term 'Freeway'
The term 'freeway' dates back to 1930 and is a significant shift from the earlier terminology used to describe similar roads. Originally, the road networks were privately owned 'turnpikes,' which charged tolls. However, with the federal government's initiative to create a public highway system, the term 'freeway' was coined to denote a road that was public and fee-free. One of the most well-known examples is I-95, which runs along the East Coast from Maine to Florida, embodying the concept of a freeway.
California's Approach to Freeway Usage
California, known for its innovative thinking, has a unique perspective on freeways. Unlike some other states where tolls are a common practice, California believes that creating a free-flowing transportation system is beneficial for everyone. Freeways, such as the San Francisco Bay Area's extensive network, are seen as a necessity to navigate through the state's particular geography, reducing traffic congestion and enabling travelers to reach their destinations without financial barriers. For instance, when traveling from my current residence to Chicago, I often avoid Illinois' toll roads, which are less attractive due to their high costs and frequent delays.
However, when traveling from San Francisco to Los Angeles, it is almost impossible to avoid freeways – Hwy 1 provides scenic routes, but the lack of access to highways in certain sections means that driving along the coast is not always practical or efficient.
Etymology and Usage
The word 'freeway' is derived from the combination of the words 'free' and 'way.' It capture the essence of a road that is free to use and free from the confines of local transportation restrictions such as traffic lights. Interestingly, the bill that authorized the creation of coast-to-coast freeways does not use the term 'freeway' in its title. Instead, it focuses on the Interstate Highway System, which became synonymous with the freedom of travel without the usual restrictions such as tolls or traffic lights. Although the federal government discouraged the tolling of interstate highways, many assumed that 'freeway' implied the absence of tolls.
In some regions, 'freeway' and 'expressway' are used interchangeably to refer to essentially the same type of road. However, in California, an expressway typically has traffic lights and is not considered a freeway. There is also a national definition for a freeway, defined as a highway with fully controlled access, a median separating the opposite directions of traffic, and various state-specific variations. While the lack of tolls is not explicitly stated in any of the definitions, it is implied in some definitions by the absence of underpasses and overpasses that allow crossing traffic.
The Significance of Freeways in Modern Transportation
Freeways serve as a specific class of highways, which, in turn, constitutes a broader category of roads. Each state defines what a highway is, and freeways are a subset of these highways characterized by their divided, restricted access, and multi-lane nature. They are designed to provide a high-volume, high-speed transport corridor, reducing travel time and enhancing the overall efficiency of the transportation system.
The term 'freeway' reflects the values of public access and mobility, representing a significant advancement in road infrastructure that has transformed how people travel. From its early use in the 1930s to its current widespread usage, the term 'freeway' has played a crucial role in shaping modern transportation systems and continues to be an essential feature of public road networks around the world.