Introduction
The question of whether Bangladesh was better before or after its independence from Pakistan is a complex one, deeply intertwined with historical, economic, and social factors. This article aims to provide a comparative analysis focusing on the economic performance and social changes that have occurred in both countries since the mid-20th century.
Economic Performance
Before Independence
During the pre-independence era, Bangladesh, as East Pakistan, faced significant challenges. The economy was largely agrarian, and the majority of the region's revenue, generated from exports such as jute, was quickly drained to the western half of Pakistan. This inequity was further exacerbated by a cultural and linguistic suppression, with Bengalis being subjected to numerous injustices, including the deprivation of their language and culture.
After Independence
Post-independence, Bangladesh experienced a significant transformation. The nation has since grown at a much faster pace and has become a more diversified economy. In the fiscal year 2015-16, the GDP by sector was as follows: agriculture at 15.33%, industry at 31.28%, and services at 53.39%, reflecting a strong service sector that has driven economic growth. In contrast, Pakistan's economy, while nominally growing, still faces significant challenges, including high inflation and political instability.
Social Changes
The social landscape of Bangladesh has also undergone considerable changes since its independence. Prior to independence, Bengalis faced atrocities including cultural suppression, poverty, and human rights violations. However, post-independence, Bangladesh has seen a marked improvement in the social conditions of its citizens. The government now focuses on social development, providing a safer environment for its people with fewer instances of intellectual killings, women being raped, and children being molested.
Comparative Analysis
While both countries face challenges, including political instability and corruption, the economic and social progress of Bangladesh over the past few decades has been more pronounced. The country has significantly reduced poverty, improved access to education and healthcare, and diversified its economy. Pakistan, while making certain strides, still grapples with systemic issues that hinder its growth.
The GDP growth and per capita income figures also reflect this differentiation. As of 2016 estimates, Bangladesh's GDP growth was at 7.1%, while Pakistan's was at 4.7%. Similarly, the GDP per capita (PPP) was $3,840 in Bangladesh, compared to $1,561 in Pakistan, showing a clear trend of improvement in Bangladesh's economic health.
Conclusion
The historical and contemporary evidence strongly suggests that Bangladesh has improved significantly since its independence from Pakistan. The social and economic reforms, coupled with a growing focus on prosperity, have positioned Bangladesh as a more stable and economically promising nation in the region. While issues persist, the comparative analysis illustrates a trajectory of progress that is not yet evident in Pakistan.