Literacy in Colonial America: A Comparison with England
Introduction
The history of literacy in the American colonies offers a fascinating contrast to the state of literacy in England during the same period. In this exploration, we will delve into the factors that influenced the literacy rates and the impact of education in both regions during the colonial era.
Comparative Literacy Rates
On average, literacy among the American colonists was greater than in England. This phenomenon can be attributed to several historical and social factors. One of the most significant events that impacted literacy levels in England was Henry VIII's decision to destroy the Catholic monasteries, which were not only religious centers but also institutions that provided free public education to the populace.
Henry VIII's Impact on Education in England
Henry VIII's drive to seize the approximately 25 percent of England's land that was owned by religious orders inadvertently led to the destruction of a unique and valuable educational system. The monasteries, apart from their religious functions, were the only free public education system available in England. They provided education to both aristocratic and commoner children, fostering a level of literacy that was instrumental in religious, social, and civic life.
Education in the English Public Schools
Following the dissolution of the monasteries, what remained was a limited network of for-profit "Public Schools," which are today parodied in popular media such as Harry Potter and St Trinian's. These schools were primarily designed to cater to the elite and did not provide universal access to education. This contrasted sharply with the egalitarian education system found in Scotland, which is analagous to the public schools.
Value of Education in Colonial America
In the colonies, the value of education became even more apparent. With manpower perpetually in short supply, the colonists recognized the importance of a literate and skilled workforce. The need for skilled craftsmen in the colonies was less pronounced due to the colonies being resource-rich, providing lucrative positions in various trades.
Scotland's Education System
Scotland, with its strong emphasis on egalitarian and free education, also played a role in the influx of Scots to the American colonies. The '45, popularly depicted in the Outlander novels, drove many people from Scotland to the colonies. The Scottish education system was renowned for its accessibility and quality, making it easier for many experienced craftsmen and other professionals to emigrate and still find prosperous careers in the New World.
Impact on the Revolution
The success of the American Revolution owed a great deal to the literate population. Writers and thinkers like Benjamin Franklin were instrumental in motivating and engaging this educated populace. Their ability to communicate effectively through print and oratory played a crucial role in rallying support for the revolutionary cause.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the literate population in colonial America was notably higher than in England, largely due to the absence of a centralized and accessible education system in the latter. The value of education was more immediately recognized in the colonies, where it was closely tied to economic and social success. The contributions of Scottish migrants, with their well-established educational background, further enhanced the literate and skilled workforce in the colonies, contributing significantly to the strength and success of the American Revolution.