Who Were the Original Inhabitants of Malaysia before the Arrival of Malay People from Sumatra?

The rich tapestry of Malaysian history and culture is deeply rooted in the diverse array of ethnic groups that call this nation home. Prior to the arrival of the Malay people from Sumatra, numerous indigenous communities thrived in various regions of Malaysia. This article explores the history of these original inhabitants, specifically focusing on the aborigines of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia and the Orang Asli and original Malay groups in West Malaysia.

East Malaysia: Indigenous Diversity

The eastern part of Malaysia, comprising the states of Sabah and Sarawak, is home to a multitude of indigenous ethnic groups. In Sabah, these include the Iban and Dayak peoples, known for their strong cultural identities and rich traditions. The Kadazan people are also an integral part of the region's history, alongside smaller ethnic groups like the Bisaya, Murut, and Bajau.

West Malaysia: Aborigines and Native Malays

While the indigenous communities in West Malaysia are often referred to as Orang Asli, the region also has a rich historical background of native Malay groups. These groups can be divided into three major categories:

The Kelantan Malay, who reside primarily on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The Kedah Malay, representing another significant group in the north. The Malays who inhabited East Coast Sumatra, who also migrated to West Malaysia, making them closely related to the current inhabitants.

It might seem strange, in modern times, that the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia and the east coast of Sumatra are governed by different countries. Historically, however, economic activities such as trade and fishing were centered around the Straits of Malacca, leading to frequent movement and interaction between the regions.

Migration and Cultural Exchange

The frequent movement across the straits was pivotal in shaping the cultural and genetic makeup of both populations. Over time, these movements led to a significant intermingling of various ethnic groups, contributing to the diverse cultural fabric of present-day Malaysia.

Conclusion

The history of the aborigines and native Malays in Malaysia is characterized by a rich and complex interplay of ethnicities, economies, and cultures. From the Iban and Kadazan in Sabah to the Kelantan and Kedah Malay in West Malaysia, these groups have played a crucial role in shaping the nation's identity. Understanding this historical narrative not only enriches our appreciation of Malaysia's diverse cultural heritage but also fosters greater empathy and respect among its citizens.

Keywords

Malaysian Aborigines, Native Malays, Iban Dayak

References

1. Department of National Culture (PEK and Kemakmuran). 2017. Iban-Dayak. 2. Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (Malaysia). 2019. Orang Asli and Native Malays, Sabah.