Saraiki Speakers in India: Cultural Heritage and Endurance
The Saraiki language, primarily spoken in southern Punjab, Pakistan, can also be heard in various parts of India. This diverse linguistic community is an integral part of the cultural tapestry in states such as Punjab, Rajasthan, and Delhi, where many Saraiki speakers have settled since the partition of 1947.
Geographical Distribution and Population
The significant population of Saraiki speakers in India can be found in areas that are close to the border with Pakistan. After the partition, many of these communities migrated to India, settling in states like Rajasthan, Haryana, and around Delhi. These areas include districts like Faridabad, and regions in Uttarakhand, such as Haridwar, Rishikesh, Rudrapur, and Udham Singh Nagar. Many of these settlements were established specifically for refugees, preserving their cultural and linguistic heritage.
While the majority of the second and third generations of these settlers in urban areas may not speak Saraiki fluently, in some villages, the language is still strongly maintained. This is particularly true in areas like Udham Singh Nagar district, where entire villages continue to speak Saraiki fluently, preserving their unique cultural identity.
Decline in Population and Linguistic Maintenance
Despite these niches of sustained presence, the overall number of Saraiki speakers in India has declined significantly over the decades. This is especially true for the younger generations who, due to the influence of the dominant cultures and languages in their new surroundings, have limited proficiency in Saraiki. However, efforts are being made to preserve the language through educational initiatives and cultural events.
Cultural Significance and Notability
The enduring presence of Saraiki speakers in India is not just about language and culture; it has also produced notable figures who have made significant contributions in various fields. Currently, the names of Johi Chawla, Surveen Chawla, Sonali Brandy, Astronist Kalpna Chawla, Governor of Assam Jagdish Mukhi, Gen. VP Malik (ex-army chief), and Haryana Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar represent significant individuals hailing from this unique ethnic community. Noble prize holder Hargobind Khurana is another notable figure in this community. These individuals have contributed to fields ranging from politics and military to science and entertainment, enriching Indian society with their Saraiki heritage.
Conclusion
The Saraiki-speaking community in India, while small in number, continues to maintain its cultural heritage and linguistic roots through various means. Despite the challenge of generational decline, their presence in the Indian states of Punjab, Rajasthan, and Delhi serves as a testament to the resilience and importance of their cultural identity.