Diplomatic Relations Overview
Often seen as distant from one another, the bilateral diplomatic foreign relations between Pakistan and Bangladesh have a complex history that extends back to the independence of Bangladesh in 1971. The relations between these two countries have seen periods of both warmth and frostiness, with recent dynamics influenced significantly by political shifts and national interests.
Historical Context
After the tragic events of 1971, when East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) struggled for political and social autonomy, Pakistan faced a decision on how to recognize its newly independent neighbor. While Pakistan was among the first to recognize Bangladesh (in 1974), the relationship was initially marked by bitter memories and unresolved issues stemming from the civil war and its aftermath. This period is evocatively illustrated in a poignant interaction between then-President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and the late Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh, and their renowned poet, Faiz Ahmed Faiz.
Bilateral Diplomatic Relations
The relationship between Pakistan and Bangladesh has been notably frosty since Hasina Wajed assumed power in Bangladesh. Her leadership policies, including a push to revisit the events of 1971 and the idea of rewriting history, have strained ties between the two countries. This approach contrasts sharply with the initial recognition and the warmer relations in the immediate aftermath of Bangladesh's independence.
The tension is rooted in the agreements made by Bangladesh to settle a contentious issue with Pakistan, which included the recognition of Bangladesh as an independent country, along with the support from Saudi Arabia and other Arab states. However, Pakistan's historical amnesia regarding the atrocities committed and its classification of official reports has further complicated reconciliation efforts.
For Pakistan, the horrors of the 1971 War and the role of the Pakistani military have largely been forgotten in the public consciousness. This amnesia is reflected in the low visibility of such documents and the secrecy surrounding the Hameed ur Rehman report, which was leaked only in parts. In the context of recognition, Pakistan was quick to acknowledge Bangladesh in 1974, but the underlying emotions and unresolved conflicts remained.
Factors Influencing Relations
The quality of the bilateral relations often depends on the political dynamics within each country. For instance, the current government of the Bangladesh Awami League has shifted towards closer ties with India, while Pakistan tends to have better relations with Bangladesh when the opposition is in power. This indicates that the relationship is not solely determined by historical grievances but is influenced by contemporary political decisions and national interests.
).
Cultural Relations
Apart from political and diplomatic relations, the cultural ties between Pakistan and Bangladesh run deep. The strong linguistic, cultural, and ethnic connections, particularly the shared Bengali language, have historically provided a foundation for mutual understanding and cooperation. For many Bangladeshis, Pakistan is still seen as a culturally and linguistically close neighbor, despite the political tensions. This cultural affinity is also evident in the way many Bangladeshis view their history and their interactions with Pakistan.
While the political climate may fluctuate, the cultural ties remain a consistent element in the bilateral relationship. Cultural exchanges, such as the mutual influence in literature, music, and arts, continue to play a vital role in fostering a deeper understanding and strengthening the bond between the two nations.
In conclusion, the bilateral diplomatic relations between Pakistan and Bangladesh are a complex interplay of historical memory, political decisions, and cultural affinity. While political relations have been strained, the cultural ties remain robust and offer a foundation for potential future reconciliation and closer cooperation.