The Fascinating History of Gargoyles and Garderobes on Castles
When exploring the mysteries of ancient castles and medieval architecture, we often come across intriguing elements that have captivated our imagination. One of the most fascinating elements is the carved heads or faces along the channels that discharge rainwater from castles and other medieval buildings. These structures are known as gargoyles, although there is a common misconception about their function. Let's delve into their history and other similar architectural features.
Understanding Gargoyles
Gargoyles are a staple of medieval architecture and are typically found on the sides and corners of castles, churches, and other significant structures. They were not merely decorative but also served a practical purpose: directing rainwater away from the walls and mortar joints. Gargoyles could take various forms, including animals such as lions and goats, or grotesque figures and chimeras, which were creatures combining parts of different animals.
Origins and Purpose of Gargoyles
The design and purpose of gargoyles can vary depending on the era and cultural influences. In early Egyptian, Greek, and Etruscan architecture, gargoyles were often in the form of lions. These animal forms were used to serve as gutters, directing water away from the structure.
Then, during the later medieval period, gargoyles took on a more diverse range of forms. They could include animals, monsters, demons, and even humorous human faces. These grotesque figures not only directed water but also served as decorative elements, blending practicality with artistry. Additionally, in modern times, some gargoyles were created purely for aesthetics, often seen as a whimsical addition to modern buildings.
The Role of Garderobes in Medieval Castles
Another element found in castles, often mistaken for gargoyles, are the garderobes. These were medieval toilets, built into the castle walls and often made of stone corbels and ledges. The term garderobe comes from the French, meaning a place to store or guard clothes. In the Middle Ages, many men wore fur coats, which could be infested with lice. As a hygiene measure, clothes were often hung over these garderobes. The urine, containing fumigants, would kill the lice on the clothes, although the living conditions were unsanitary by today's standards.
These garderobes played an important role in medieval hygiene by removing waste from the living quarters. They were usually simple stone structures projecting from the wall, and the waste simply discharged down the wall. These fixtures were sometimes found near chambers or sometimes even within the castles themselves, serving as a practical and functional solution to the sanitation needs of the time.
Conclusion
While many people look at gargoyles and garderobes as purely decorative or mysterious elements of castles, their true functions offer insights into the practical and cultural aspects of medieval life. Gargoyles, with their diverse forms, were not only artistic but also functional, serving to protect the integrity of medieval structures. Garderobes, on the other hand, were essential for hygiene, although their methods of purifying clothes through urine might not be recommended in modern times.