The First Mention of the Rocky Mountains in Literature: Washington Irving's 'Astoria'

Have you ever wondered which was the first book to describe the awe-inspiring Rocky Mountains? By exploring Washington Irving's Astoria: Or Enterprise Beyond the Rocky Mountains, we not only uncover a fascinating piece of early American literature but also gain insight into the pioneers and explorers who ventured into the unknown territory.

The Cultural Context of the Rocky Mountains

The Rocky Mountains, named after a translation of an Amerindian Algonquian language, specifically Cree, carry a deep cultural and historical significance. The name “as-sin-wati” literally means “mountains of the sacred ones”. These mountains form a significant part of the North American landscape, standing as a testament to the rugged beauty of the continent.

Washington Irving and 'Astoria'

Washington Irving stands out as one of the most influential American writers of the early 19th century. His works, such as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle, have delighted readers for generations. However, what many might not know is that Astoria: Or Enterprise Beyond the Rocky Mountains was his debut non-fiction work and one of the earliest literary portrayals of the Rocky Mountains.

Published in 1836, Astoria documents the journey of American colonialists and traders who ventured into the Pacific Northwest in search of trade opportunities with the indigenous communities and the British already present in the region. The book provides a detailed account of their experiences, the challenges they faced, and the landscape they encountered, which included the panoramic views of the Rocky Mountains.

The Significance of Astoria in the Early American Literature

Astoria is more than just a travelogue. It is a narrative that captures the spirit of exploration and the clash of cultures as Americans ventured into regions previously unexplored. This work is part of a larger corpus of literature that reflects the westward movement in America, a period of significant change and expansion.

The time period in which Astoria was written coincided with a surge in written accounts of journeys and expeditions to the Western frontier. Irving’s narrative not only describes the landscape but also delves into the interactions between American and British traders, the indigenous peoples, and the natural world. This blend of adventure, anthropology, and natural history made Astoria a unique and valuable contribution to early American literature.

Exploring the Language and Structure of 'Astoria'

Within Astoria, Irving employs a rich and descriptive language, painting vivid pictures of the landscape and the people. The narrative is structured in a way that captures the rhythms of the journey, moving from the east coast to the Pacific Northwest. This structure not only engages the reader but also serves to build a sense of anticipation and awe at the newly discovered lands.

Irving’s use of language is particularly noteworthy. He often describes the mountains, forests, rivers, and valleys with a sense of wonder, highlighting the contrast between the familiar and the unfamiliar. This literary technique not only adds to the aesthetic appeal of the text but also serves to emphasize the vastness and majesty of the Rocky Mountains.

Conclusion

Washington Irving's Astoria: Or Enterprise Beyond the Rocky Mountains is not just the first book to publish a mention of the Rocky Mountains; it is a foundational work in the literary exploration of American westward expansion. It captures a critical moment in American history when the nation was just beginning to understand the full breadth and beauty of its territory. Through Irving’s lens, the Rocky Mountains become more than just a physical feature; they become a symbol of exploration, discovery, and the ongoing struggle to understand and coexist with the natural world.

As we continue to explore and document the natural heritage of our world, we are reminded of the enduring value of literature in capturing and conveying the essence of these landscapes and the stories that unfold within them. Washington Irving's Astoria stands as a testament to this enduring legacy.