The Historical Integration of Mangalore into the Madras Presidency

The history of South India during the 17th and 18th centuries is one of significant transformation and political realignment. Among the many changes that marked this period, the integration of Mangalore into the Madras Presidency is a notable episode. This article explores the intricate timeline and factors that led to the inclusion of Mangalore within the broader administrative and territorial domain of the Madras Presidency.

Origins of the Madras Presidency

The origins of the Madras Presidency can be traced back to the early 17th century. The region, particularly the area that later became known as South Canara, began to attract the interest of European traders, primarily the British East India Company. By 1684, the company had established its first factory in the region, marking the beginning of a new era. Over the next decade, the company purchased additional land and constructed more factories, laying the groundwork for what would eventually become a broad region of administrative control.

The term "Madras Presidency" officially came into use around 1702, although the practical administration began much earlier. By the end of the 17th century, the English factories in the region had established a significant presence, providing a foothold for their growing commercial activities and political aspirations.

Conflict and Conquest: The Carnatic Region

Around 1760, the region saw a conflict between the Mysore Kingdom, led by Hyder Ali, and the Madras Presidency. Despite the initial tensions, the French and the British were able to resolve these differences through a mutual agreement, returning conquered territories to their original owners.

Between 1780 and 1800, a series of Anglo-Mysore Wars took place, most notably the Third Anglo-Mysore War. This conflict saw the British, along with their allies, advance on the capital of Tipu Sultan, leading to the Siege of Srirangapatnam. This decisive battle significantly changed the political landscape of the region, leading to the cession of territories to the British.

The Addition of South Canara

Following the conclusion of these wars, Mangalore, previously known as South Canara, saw a transformation in its governance. Originally, the region was under the tyrannical rule of Tipu Sultan, who later placed it under the administration of the Madras Presidency.

The Treaty of Seringapatam, signed in 1792, marked a significant turning point. Under this agreement, Tipu Sultan ceded several territories to the British East India Company, including the territories of Canara (which includes present-day Mangalore and parts of South Canara). This cession was formalized through the Treaty of Seringapatam, which included the addition of areas such as Coimbatore, Wayanad, and parts of Kanara District on the West Coast to the Madras Presidency.

Conclusion

The integration of Mangalore into the Madras Presidency was a complex process driven by the political and military conflicts of the era. From the initial establishment of British presence in the early 17th century to the eventual cession and administrative realignment of the 18th century, the region experienced significant changes in governance and territorial expansion.