The History of the Crimean Peninsula and Its Annexation by Russia
The annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by Russia in 2014 was a significant geopolitical event that stirred global controversy and condemnation. This article delves into the historical background, the reasons for its annexation, and the lasting implications.
Historical Background
Who controlled the Crimean Peninsula Before Russia? Before Russia took control, the Crimean Peninsula was largely under the control of the Ottoman Empire until the mid-18th century. Following disputes and conflicts, a war broke out in 1768 between the Russian and Ottoman Empires, leading to the Russian victory in 1774.
Russian Empress Catherine II and the Annexation In 1783, Russian Empress Catherine II formally annexed Crimea, Taman, and Kuban to the Russian Empire. This decision was partly based on the defeat of the Crimean Khanate and the end of its independent existence.
Initial Annexation and Modern Controversy
Empress Catherine II's Manifesto On April 8, 1783, Empress Catherine II issued a manifesto officially annexing the Crimean Peninsula to the Russian Empire. This action marked a significant shift in the geopolitical landscape of the region.
Historical Controversies and Conflicts Historically, the annexation of Crimea was not always uncontested. Various military cemeteries in Crimea, such as the French, British, and Turkish military cemeteries, bear witness to the many foreign military interventions in the region. Notably, Italian former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi and Russian President Vladimir Putin visited the Italian War Cemetery in Crimea, further highlighting the complex international relations surrounding the area.
The Annexation of 2014
When Did the Annexation Happen? The modern annexation of Crimea by Russia began on February 20, 2014, when Russian special operations forces (CCO) began their operation at around 6:00 am. Surveillance footage from body cams and indoor/outdoor cameras documented the start of the operation.
Controversial Recognition and Reactions The annexation was met with fierce opposition from the international community. The United Nations does not consider Crimea Russian territory, nor do Ukrainian territories currently held by Russian forces. Many view this as an unlegitimate and aggressive move by Putin, exploitation of Ukraine's internal strife, and a lack of support from the West during that time.
Geopolitical Implications The annexation had far-reaching geopolitical implications. European leaders and governments reacted with minimal sanctions, which were seen as insufficient by many. The apathy, or lack of strong leadership, from Western leaders like then-US President Barack Obama further emboldened Putin's actions.
Conclusion
The annexation of the Crimean Peninsula remains a contentious issue in international relations. Understanding its historical context and implicating factors can provide valuable insights into modern geopolitical dynamics