German Invasion of Norway and Denmark during World War II: Debunking Common Myths
During World War II, the invasion of Norway and Denmark remains a topic of historical significance and often leads to many misconceptions. This article aims to clarify some of the common myths surrounding this historically significant event and shed light on the true reasons behind the German invasion, along with the role of Sweden in these events.
Why Did Germany Invade Norway and Denmark?
The invasion of Norway and Denmark was not driven by the proximity of these countries to the allied nations France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Instead, the primary reason behind this invasion was the strategic importance of Norway for Germany's war efforts, particularly its access to iron ore.
Germany was heavily reliant on iron ore for its war machine. This critical resource was primarily supplied from Swedish mines, which were delivered via the Norwegian port of Narvik. To secure this important supply line, Germany launched a surprise invasion of Norway, which also served to counter the potential threat of the Allies, including France and Britain, blockading the northern German coast from bases in Norway.
The Role of Sweden
Sweden, maintaining its neutrality throughout the war, played a crucial role in supplying iron ore to Germany. Approximately 60% of Germany's iron ore came from Swedish mines. Even though Sweden did not initiate the conflict, it did cooperate with Germany rather than face the risk of invasion. However, contrary to popular belief, the Swedish king did not play any part in the decision to invade Norway or Denmark.
Germany's invasion of Denmark was also driven by the need to secure access to Norway, reducing the risk of Allied forces taking control of the northern front. Additionally, Denmark controlled the approaches to the Baltic Sea, which was vital for Germany's strategic position during the war.
Sweden's Involvement during the War
Throughout the war, Sweden took in refugees from both Denmark and Norway. This action further refutes the notion that Sweden supported the Nazi regime. By providing refuge, Sweden maintained its neutral stance, ensuring that both Allied and Axis countries respected its neutrality. This act of kindness towards the refugees contributed to Sweden's reputation as a neutral nation during the conflict.
Myth Debunked: No Involvement of the Swedish King
It is important to clarify that the Swedish King, Gustaf V, played no role in the decision to invade Norway or Denmark. The German military, under Adolf Hitler's command, made the strategic decisions for the invasion. The Swedish king was a neutral figure who maintained his kingdom's neutrality throughout the war, thus playing no part in these military actions.
Conclusion
The invasion of Norway and Denmark during World War II was driven by Germany's need to secure its iron ore supply and prevent potential Allied blockades. Sweden, maintaining its neutrality, supplied iron ore to Germany and provided refuge to refugees, but did not play a part in the military decisions surrounding the invasion. Understanding the true reasons and the roles of different nations during this period can help dispel common misconceptions and provide a clearer picture of history.