The Mysteries of Quranic Arrangement: Why Surah Al-Fatiha is First and Surah Al-Aliquee is Not
Why is it that the Quran starts with Surah Al-Fatiha but the first Surah revealed was Surah Al-Aliquee? This question has puzzled many, and while the answer is not as straightforward as it may seem, it provides fascinating insights into the structure and compilation of the Quran.
Understanding the Quranic Structure
The Quran, as we know it today, did not begin its life as a definitive text arranged in the order we see nowadays. Rather, it was revealed gradually over a period of approximately 23 years. The arrangement of the Quran, known as tarjimah, was not dictated by the chronological order of its revelation. Instead, it was organized to serve a theological and literary purpose.
Surah Al-Fatiha: The Core Supplication
Surah Al-Fatiha stands at the head of the Quran for a significant reason. It is often referred to as the heart of the Quran. This surah is a comprehensive supplication and praise to Allah, encompassing key aspects of worship and seeking guidance. It serves as an introduction to the message and themes contained within the subsequent chapters. The absence of any other material in Surah Al-Fatiha makes it the ideal starting point for the Quran.
The First Surah Revealed: Surah Al-Aliquee
Surah Al-Aliquee (???), also known as Surah Al-Qamar (The Moon), is indeed the first Surah revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It was revealed to him in the early days of his prophethood, addressing specific issues that emerged at that time. Unlike Surah Al-Fatiha, which is presented as finished and authoritative, Surah Al-Aliquee was part of the ongoing revelation process.
Why Surah Al-Fatiha is First
The sequence of the Quran reflects deeper theological and practical considerations. Surah Al-Fatiha is placed first because it encapsulates the essence of human supplication and the cornerstone of Islamic practice. When a Muslim recites Surah Al-Fatiha, they are invoking Allah for general guidance and in doing so, setting the tone for their entire religious practice. This surah reminds men that God is merciful and compassionate, and therefore, it is the right path that every believer must follow. This makes it the perfect way to begin the worship process.
Complications in Quranic Order
It is also important to note that there is some dispute among scholars about the exact sequence of the first few Surahs revealed. For instance, there is a question about whether the initial five verses of Surah Al-Aliquee or part of Surah Ash-Shaa'irah (The Poets) were revealed first. However, the current order of the Quran, as has been codified by tradition, places Surah Al-Fatiha first, which serves as a statement of core Islamic beliefs and values from the outset.
Conclusion
The question of why the Quran starts with Surah Al-Fatiha is a reflection of the complex history of its compilation. The Quran was not written during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) but compiled and standardized by his companions. The arrangement of the Quran reflects a combination of theological precision, practical priorities, and the evolving circumstances of the time. Understanding this context can provide a deeper appreciation of the book's structure and significance.
Keyword: Quranic arrangement, Surah Al-Fatiha, Surah Al-Aliquee