What is the Name of a Viking Coin?
A recent discovery in Hungary has shed new light on the rich history and varied denominations of Viking coins. Specifically, a silver coin bearing the name of the renowned Viking King Harald Sigurdsson III (better known as Harald Hardrada) has been unearthed. This coin, with its intricate details, provides a fascinating glimpse into the currency systems and trade practices of the Viking Age.
Harald Hardrada's Silver Penny
Located on the obverse of the discovered coin is the inscription 'HARALD REX NAR', an abbreviation for Harald Rex Norweginus, which translates to 'King Harald of Norway'. The reverse is inscribed 'VLF ON NIDARNE', possibly referring to the Norwegian city of Nidaros.
Viking Coinage and Currency Systems
Insights from historical accounts and scholarly works, such as Wikipedia's article on Viking coinage, reveal that the currency used by the Vikings was highly diverse. While some mentions of coins can be vague, especially when it comes to their names, it is clear that the Vikings had a unique system for handling their trade and commerce.
One of the most commonly recognized forms of Viking coinage was the silver penningar or penny. These coins were widely used in the Norse world. Despite the existence of these coins, most people still valued silver by its weight, rather than by its appearance or the inscriptions on it. Cutting coins into smaller units was a common practice, as weight remained the primary determinant of value.
Understanding the ‘Penny’ in Viking Currency
The term 'penny', often mentioned in discussions about Viking coins, is a direct translation from the Old English 'penny' to a silver coin. It is important to note that the concept of fixed denominations did not exist in the same way as it does today. The weight of the silver was a more reliable measure of value, with smaller amounts potentially being marked by cutting the coin rather than minting specific denominations.
These findings underscore the intricate and adaptable nature of Viking economic systems. While Viking coins, like the one featuring King Harald Hardrada, served a more symbolic and ceremonial purpose, the weight and purity of the silver were key factors in trade and commerce. This highlights the sophistication of the Vikings' economic practices and their ability to adopt various systems to suit their needs.
Conclusion
The discovery of Harald Hardrada's coin in Hungary not only adds to our understanding of Viking currency but also offers a tangible link to the rulers and cities of the past. It serves as a testament to the complexity and adaptability of Viking economies and the value of silver as a medium of exchange.
For those interested in delving deeper into the world of Viking coins and the broader context of the Scandinavian world during the 10th and 11th centuries, further research into historical texts and archaeological findings is highly recommended.