The Purpose and Evolution of the Continental Army
Many people and history books often point to taxes as the primary motive for the formation of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. However, this explanation is insufficient to encompass the complex reasons that led to the creation and evolution of the Continental Army. The Continental Army was not just a response to taxation; it was a natural outcome of the growing autonomy and self-governance of the American colonies.
Colonial Governance and Decision-Making
When colonists made the difficult decision to leave their homeland and settle in the American colonies, it was not solely for economic opportunities. It was also for the chance to shape their own lives and communities, outside the strict governance and rigid military control of the British crown. The long and often unpleasant sea voyages made the decision to leave even more significant.
Due to the time delay in communication and governance from the Mother Country, the colonies developed their own independent problem-solving mechanisms. This self-reliance became a cornerstone of colonial life. If Britain had been more lenient, fostering local governance and military development, the colonies may have remained loyal, developing along the lines set by their assigned governors. Instead, the growing frustration culminated in the American Revolution.
Formation and Significance of the Continental Army
The Continental Army was officially organized by the Continental Congress in 1775. It was a direct response to the ongoing tensions and outright rebellion against British rule. George Washington, a key figure in both the Continental and US armies, began his military career with the Continental Army and later pursued a royal commission. However, the Continental Army quickly shifted to become a tool for the 13 colonies in their fight for independence.
After the American Revolution, the Continental Army transformed into the US Army, which remains a critical component of the military established by the US Constitution in 1789. The US Army has since undergone several organizational changes, particularly in how it is structured. Until 1968, the Army was organized geographically under the Continental Army Command. However, after 1968, the US Army reorganized into a functional structure, moving from CONTARCOM to FORCECOM, TRADOC, and MATCOM.
Continental Force Projection and Influence
The US Army, as the senior service of the constitutional military establishment, continues to be a vital instrument of continental force projection. It has played a significant role in maintaining national security, supporting international alliances, and intervening in conflicts globally. As a republican instrument of the US Constitution, the US Army reflects the values of democracy and service to the nation.
The legacy of the Continental Army is profound, serving as a testament to the early Americans' determination to assert their freedom and the evolution of a nation built on principles of self-governance and military strength. Understanding the purpose and evolution of the Continental Army provides insights into the foundational military and political history of the United States.