The State Bird of Goa: The Flame-throated Bulbul
Did you know that Goa, the smallest state in India, is home to over 500 different species of birds, making it a remarkable and popular destination for bird watchers from around the world? In this article, we explore the unique and beautiful state bird of Goa, the Flame-throated Bulbul. We'll delve into its astonishing history, distinctive features, and the efforts behind its recognition as the state bird.
Discovering Goa's Avian Richness
Goa's avian diversity is truly astounding, with over 500 different bird species found within its borders. In the last three decades, this small state has become known as one of the top birding destinations, particularly for European bird watchers. Their reports and publications have led to a robust database of ornithological data, enhancing our understanding of Goa's avian life.
Ornithological Checklists and Databases
The first comprehensive checklist of birds was created by Heinz Lainer, a renowned ornithologist. He initially listed 382 species, which he later revised to 420. Over time, other ornithologists like Parag Rangnekar, Pronoy Baidya, and Mandar Bhagat have contributed to the growing database. The most up-to-date checklist records 473 species of birds, with 448 species photographed, 232 with audio recordings of their calls and songs, and 160 deposited in museums.
The Flame-throated Bulbul
Among these numerous bird species, one stands out: the Flame-throated Bulbul (Pycnonotus galitha). Known by several names, including the Black-crested Bulbul, Black-headed Bulbul, or Ruby-throated Bulbul, this little bird has a unique identity crisis. Despite its mysterious names, it is quite easy to recognize. With an olive green and yellow back, a completely yellow underside, and a striking triangular patch of orange-red on its throat, complemented by a contrasting black head and white iris, the Flame-throated Bulbul can be identified with relative ease.
Behavior and Habitat
The Flame-throated Bulbul's call is similar to that of the red-whiskered bulbul, consisting of two to three tinkling notes. These birds are primarily found in groups, foraging in forest canopies for berries and small insects. They have a natural habitat around the Western Ghats, specifically in southern Maharashtra and Goa. Being mostly forest birds, they are rarely found outside of dense forests or coffee plantations. The Flame-throated Bulbul is omnivorous, feeding on both insects and plant matter.
The Making of a State Bird
How did this unassuming little bird become the state bird of Goa? We need to look back to 1972, when the Portuguese colonial administration invited renowned ornithologist Dr. Salim Ali to conduct an ornithological survey of Goa. During this survey, 154 bird species were reported, and the Ruby-throated Yellow Bulbul (Pycnonotus gularis) was designated as the state bird.
The title has remained the same since then, although the bird has undergone various name changes. While it may be challenging to spot the Flame-throated Bulbul in the wild, there are several areas where they can be found. Due to heavy mining in the Western Ghats, this species and others have been forced to relocate to other habitats such as Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary, Mollem National Park, Netravalli, and Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary. Reports of sightings have also been recorded in Betki-Marcela, Keri-Ponda, and Dhargalim.
Your Thoughts
What do you think about the Flame-throated Bulbul being the state bird of Goa? Have you ever had the opportunity to spot one of these beautiful creatures? Share your thoughts and experiences in the comments below!