The Unrecognized Achievements of Pre-Colonial Sub-Saharan Africa: Beyond Slavery and Beyond

Sub-Saharan Africa has often been portrayed through the lens of colonialism and slavery, yet this narrative only scratches the surface of the continent's rich history and incredible contributions. This article aims to shed light on the numerous achievements of pre-colonial Africa, showcasing the myriad of advancements made by African societies in fields as diverse as mathematics, medicine, agriculture, technology, and more.

Mathematics and Astronomy: Pioneering Innovators

Africans were among the earliest pioneers in the fields of mathematics and astronomy. Numerous mathematical concepts and tools, including the invention of the bow and arrow, were developed independently by African civilizations. Equally impressive was their prowess in astronomy, which allowed for the accurate prediction of celestial events. Africa's contributions to mathematics and astronomy are often overshadowed by the European Renaissance, but the continent played an equally significant role in these ancient sciences.

Medicine: Groundbreaking Innovations and Surgeries

The medical advancements in pre-colonial Africa are equally remarkable. Africansdeveloped a variety of medical practices, including the discovery and utilization of vaccines, inoculations, c-sections, brain surgeries, cataract removal, and thoracic surgeries. These sophisticated medical techniques were far ahead of their time, demonstrating the continent's deep understanding of human anatomy and physiology.

Agriculture and Metallurgy: Cultivating and Forging the Future

In the realm of agriculture, African societies pioneered high-yield crop cultivation and the creation of metal tools, all of which significantly impacted food production and toolmaking. The invention of various pedal and heddle looms and boats, as well as the bloomery furnaces, further exemplified the continent's technological sophistication. Perhaps one of the most remarkable achievements was the direct leap from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age around 3000 BC, through independent metallurgical innovation.

Complex Societies and Infrastructure: Urban Planning and Irrigation

Pre-colonial Africa saw the development of complex urban societies characterized by sophisticated irrigation systems, well-planned cities, and monumental architecture. These constructions not only showcased the architectural prowess of the time but also demonstrated advanced knowledge in engineering and infrastructure. Literary traditions flourished in these societies, creating a rich tapestry of oral and written heritage that continues to be discovered and studied.

Western Narratives: The Paradox of Slavery and Trade

Contrary to the common narrative, pre-colonial Africa was not solely defined by its role in the transatlantic slave trade. While the slave trade was indeed a significant historical event, African societies were involved in many other forms of trade that spanned centuries. African rulers were among the earliest sellers of slaves to Pharaohs, Persians, Greeks, and various other civilizations. The trade was often mutually beneficial and considered acceptable within the cultural and religious contexts of the time. It is important to note that the trade endured for over a millennium and was mandated by the Quran.

The end of the transatlantic slave trade came with the British and other European powers, who forced an abrupt cessation of the trade, despite its long-standing and widespread nature. This halt came at a great cost and led to the British involvement in mainland Africa during the 19th century. It is crucial to acknowledge that some African societies continued to engage in trafficking networks, often covertly, even after the official abolition of the trade.

Modern Connotations and Acknowledgment of Heritage

Towards the end of the colonial period and in contemporary times, the trade in human beings has taken on new forms, such as modern human trafficking. These networks have been developed further to extend into Western Europe, continuing a legacy that is deeply ingrained in the history of the region.

It is essential to recognize and acknowledge the rich heritage and achievements of pre-colonial Africa. By understanding the full scope of African contributions, we can foster a more comprehensive understanding of the continent's past, present, and future. The narrative of pre-colonial Africa should be celebrated for its scientific, technological, and cultural advancements, rather than being reduced to a legacy solely defined by transatlantic slavery.