Understanding Autism and Intelligence: The Case of an Above-Average IQ at a Young Age
When a child is diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at a young age, concerns often arise about their future intelligence and overall development. One such concern is whether a child diagnosed with ASD at the age of two could have an average IQ of 100. This article will explore the nuances of these questions, drawing on real-life examples and expert insights.
The Case for an Average IQ in ASD
Many parents, like myself, express worries about their toddler children who are slow to talk and communicate. I remember a similar experience with a friend who had a son she was worried about when he was around the same age as my son. The professional advice she received at the time was that her son would never develop fully and would need lifelong care. But, as an adult, her son turned out to be articulate and intelligent, even holding a PhD in mathematics. Similarly, my son grew up well, although he is not pursuing a career in mathematics.
This experience illustrates that an initial diagnosis of ASD at such a young age should not be the sole determinant of future intellectual abilities. Autism, as a spectrum disorder, can present itself in many different ways. Intellectual functioning in individuals with ASD can vary widely, and it is indeed possible for individuals with a diagnosis at an early age to have an IQ score of 100, which is considered average.
Common IQ Ranges and Autism
According to common IQ tests such as the Wechsler series, approximately two-thirds of the population has an IQ score between 85 and 115. Therefore, an IQ of 100 is not uncommon. It is important to note that a diagnosis of ASD does not directly correlate with IQ scores. While some individuals may have cognitive difficulties, others can possess average or even above-average intellectual abilities.
Evidence from Historical Figures and Real-Life Examples
A well-known example is Albert Einstein, who was a late talker but went on to become a renowned physicist. This historical example supports the notion that intelligence and language development do not necessarily align with age when it comes to ASD.
A Personal Account: Memory and Nonverbal Communication
One of my sons began saying a few words around the age of two but then lost them by the time he was three. He didn’t start speaking again until he was five and a half years old, following a severe accident that put him in a wheelchair. During this period, he seemed to memorize everything, particularly flags and religions of every country in the world. His brain was clearly trying to catch up, and over the following year, he made remarkable progress in communication and cognitive development. Both my sons have been diagnosed with ASD and show high levels of intelligence.
Despite their intellectual capacities, they often struggle with practical and social skills. This highlights the fact that IQ alone is insufficient to predict an individual's future success and that other factors such as social and occupational therapies must be considered. The importance of timely assignments and understanding academic importance can be challenging for individuals with ASD, even those with high IQ scores.
Conclusion
Early diagnosis of ASD does not automatically equate to a low IQ or intellectual limitations. While a diagnosis at age two may prompt concerns, it is crucial to remember that intellectual development can be highly variable and dependent on numerous factors, including later language acquisition, compensatory skills, and access to appropriate support mechanisms. Understanding and addressing these factors can significantly impact an individual's quality of life and future opportunities.
For parents and professionals, recognizing the spectrum of possible outcomes for individuals with ASD is essential. By combining early intervention, appropriate therapies, and supportive educational environments, individuals with ASD can thrive and achieve their unique potential.