Understanding Class 2 Railroads: A Comprehensive Overview

Railroad transportation in the United States is categorized into Class I, II, and III based on revenue generation. The classification is regulated by the Surface Transportation Board (STB) and the American Short Line Regional Railroad Association (ASLRRA).

Classifications and Revenue Thresholds

Based on Data from the Surface Transportation Board (STB): In 1992, the STB established specific revenue thresholds for categorizing railroads. These thresholds have been adjusted annually for inflation, ensuring the classification remains relevant.

Class I Railroad: Meets a revenue threshold of over $250 million. Class II Railroad: Meets a revenue threshold between $20 million and $250 million. Class III Railroad: Meets a revenue threshold of less than $20 million.

Factors Influencing Railroad Classification

When it comes to designating a railroad as Class I, II, or III, factors such as the axle loads and train speed are crucial. These attributes are often dictated by the infrastructure, track conditions, and operational requirements.

Class 1 Railroads

Supports 23 tonne axle loads, equivalent to about 92 tonnes per wagon. Trains can travel at a maximum speed of 110 km/h. Higher axle loads are allowed but may operate at a slightly lower speed.

Class 2 Railroads

Supports 19 tonne axle loads, typically lower than Class 1. Trains are generally limited to a maximum speed of 80 km/h. May have a smoother operation with lower speeds and axle loads.

Class 3 Railroads

Supports 19 tonne axle loads, similar to Class 2. Maximum speed can be as low as 50 km/h. Infrastructure and conditions may be more variable, leading to lower speeds.

Additional Considerations

While most railroads fall into Class I, II, or III, some may be classified as Class 5 or higher. These higher classifications indicate even lower speeds and capacity due to factors such as poor track conditions and inconsistent gauge.

Lower Speeds and Axle Loads: Railroads with very variable track levels and inconsistent gauge may operate at significantly lower speeds, sometimes below 15 km/h. This condition often requires specialized maintenance and operational adjustments.

Conclusion

Understanding the classification of railroads—specifically Class 2 railroads—is crucial for stakeholders, investors, and regulators. Proper classification ensures appropriate infrastructure investment, operational efficiency, and compliance with regulatory standards.

Finding More Information

For a deeper dive into the intricacies of railroad classification and operations, please refer to the official documents from the Surface Transportation Board (STB) and the American Short Line Regional Railroad Association (ASLRRA).