Understanding the Population Distribution in Canada: North vs South
When discussing the population distribution in Canada, it's a common misconception that the majority of the Canadian population resides in the northern regions of the country. In reality, the vast majority of Canadians live in the southern areas, particularly close to the United States border. This article will delve into the reasons behind this concentration and explore the historical and geographical influences shaping Canada's demographic landscape.
Why the Majority of Canadians Live Near the US Border
The concentration of the Canadian population near the US border can be attributed to several factors, with the most significant being the absence of barriers and the benefits of a trans-border market. Historically, the border between the United States and Canada has been virtually open with no watchtowers, restrictions, or armed guards. This absence of barriers facilitates the quick apprehension of fugitives and allows for a seamless flow of goods and people, making it a natural border to reside near.
Additionally, Canada's government policies have contributed to this distribution. Unlike the United States, which has invested heavily in border security, Canada has adopted a more relaxed approach, understanding the economic benefits of a free and open border. Civilian help with border surveillance has proven to be sufficient, leading to a distribution of the population where there is no need for extensive border security infrastructure. This is particularly evident in areas like the Detroit River, where residents on the Canadian side, like the author who can see into Detroit, Michigan, from their binoculars, illustrate the human aspect of border life.
Historical and Geographical Influences
The historical westward exploration by the first French settlements in areas that now comprise Quebec played a crucial role in forming waterway transportation routes using rivers and the Great Lakes. These routes later facilitated railway development, which followed the same paths. Towns and cities grew along these rail routes, and the population subsequently followed these geographic cues.
Today, Canada's biggest population centers are interconnected by highways and rail networks, creating a dense network of cities in the southern parts of the country. The Population Density in Canada is extremely low, with only 3 people living in each square mile of land. This low density is a result of the large geographical area of the country, which, at 3.855 million square miles, is the second largest in the world, after Russia.
Geographically, the northern half of continental Canada lies at the same North/South level as Alaska, with the top part of the country reaching the 83rd parallel, similar to the top of Greenland. However, the lower provinces of Canada are below the 60th parallel, comparable to the south of Alaska. This vast expanse, predominantly uninhabited and cold, makes it less favorable for big cities and manufacturing activities, which prefer warmer climates.
Concentration of Population in the Central and Eastern Areas
The central and eastern regions of Canada, influenced by the Canadian Shield, offer a more hospitable environment for human habitation. Most of the population lives in these areas, where the climate, while still cold, is more bearable than the northern regions. Additionally, the localized industry in these areas benefits from the economies of scale facilitated by the trans-border market, particularly surrounding the southern Ontario region. Southern Ontario is one of the most densely populated areas on Earth, with a concentration of urban centers and industrial activities.
As of the most recent data, the population density in southern Ontario is among the highest in the country, highlighting the draw of urban amenities, job opportunities, and cultural activities. The proximity to the US border, coupled with the accessibility of major transportation routes, makes southern Ontario a prime location for population growth and economic development.
Note: The information provided is based on current data and may evolve over time. The Canadian government regularly updates population statistics and demographic trends, ensuring that the data remains as accurate as possible.
Conclusion
Understanding the population distribution in Canada requires a clear recognition of the geographic and historical factors that have shaped population patterns. While the northern regions of Canada are vast and predominantly uninhabited, the majority of the population resides in the southern areas, particularly close to the US border. This distribution is a result of a combination of historical events, geographic influences, and economic factors. By examining these elements, we gain a deeper appreciation of the unique demographic landscape of Canada.